Foreword by Jutta Eckstein xv <br>Preface xix <br> Chapter 1 Retrospectives 101 1 <br>1.1 What Is a Retrospective? 1 <br>1.2 New Year’s Eve Retrospective 6 <br>1.3 The Retrospective Phase Model 8 <br> 1.3.1 Phase 1: Set the Stage 9 <br> 1.3.2 Phase 2: Check Hypothesis 12 <br> 1.3.3 Phase 3: Gather Data 13 <br> 1.3.4 Phase 4: Generate Insights 16 <br> 1.3.5 Phase 5: Define Experiments 17 <br> 1.3.6 Phase 6: Closing 19 <br>1.4 Finding Activities for Each of the Phases 22 <br> 1.4.1 Agile Retrospectives Book 23 <br> 1.4.2 Retromat 23 <br> 1.4.3 Retrospective Wiki 24 <br> 1.4.4 Tasty Cupcakes 24 <br> 1.4.5 Gamestorming 25 <br>1.5 The Prime Directive 26 <br> Chapter 2 Preparing Retrospectives 31 <br>2.1 Preparation 31 <br> 2.1.1 What Period of Time Should Be Discussed? 31 <br> 2.1.2 Who Should Take Part? 32 <br> 2.1.3 Is There a Topic? 33 <br>2.2 The Right Time, the Right Place 34 <br>2.3 The Right Material 36 <br> 2.3.1 The Right Markers 36 <br> 2.3.2 The Right Sticky notes 37 <br> 2.3.3 The Right Flipchart Paper 38 <br>2.4 Food 39 <br>2.5 The Agenda 40 <br> Chapter 3 The First Retrospective 43 <br>3.1 Preparation 43 <br>3.2 Set the Stage: Car Comparison 45 <br>3.3 Gather Data 46 <br>3.4 Generate Insights: 5 Whys 49 <br>3.5 Define Next Experiments: Brainstorming 50 <br>3.6 Closing: ROTI 53 <br> Chapter 4 The Retrospective Facilitator 55 <br>4.1 How Do I Become a Good Facilitator? 55 <br> 4.1.1 Respect Different Communication Styles 58 <br> 4.1.2 Paraphrasing 59 <br> 4.1.3 Support Participants 59 <br> 4.1.4 Stacking 60 <br> 4.1.5 Encourage 61 <br> 4.1.6 Feedback Emotion 61 <br> 4.1.7 Intended Silence 62 <br> 4.1.8 Listen for Common Ground 63 <br> 4.2 Visual Facilitation 63 <br> 4.2.1 The 1×1 of Visual Structure 64 <br>4.3 Visual Retrospectives 71 <br> 4.3.1 The Speedboat Retrospective 71 <br> 4.3.2 Trading Cards 74 <br> 4.3.3 Perfection Game 76 <br> 4.3.4 Force Field Analysis 78 <br> 4.3.5 Sources of Inspiration for Visual Facilitation ...80 <br>4.4 Internal or External 81 <br> 4.4.1 Tips for Internal Facilitators 83 <br> 4.4.2 External Facilitators 85 <br>4.5 After the Retro Is Before the Retro 87 <br> Chapter 5 From the Metaphor to the Retrospective 91 <br>5.1 The Orchestra Retrospective 93 <br> 5.1.1 Set the Stage 94 <br> 5.1.2 Gather Data 95 <br> 5.1.3 Generate Insights 97 <br> 5.1.4 Define Experiments and Hypothesis 98 <br> 5.1.5 Closing 99 <br>5.2 The Soccer Retrospective 99 <br> 5.2.1 Preparation 100 <br> 5.2.2 Set the Stage 100 <br> 5.2.3 Gather Data 101 <br> 5.2.4 Generating Insights 102 <br> 5.2.5 Define Next Experiments and Hypothesis 102 <br> 5.2.6 Closing 103 <br>5.3 The Train Retrospective 103 <br> 5.3.1 Set the Stage 103 <br> 5.3.2 Gather Data 104 <br> 5.3.3 Generate Insights 105 <br> 5.3.4 Define Experiments and Hypothesis 106 <br> 5.3.5 Closing 107 <br>5.4 The Kitchen Retrospective 107 <br> 5.4.1 Set the Stage 107 <br> 5.4.2 Gather Data 108 <br> 5.4.3 Generate Insights 109 <br> 5.4.4 Define Experiments and Hypothesis 111 <br> 5.4.5 Closing 111 <br>5.5 The Pirate Retrospective 111 <br> 5.5.1 Set the Stage 112 <br> 5.5.2 Gather Data 113 <br> 5.5.3 Generate Insights 114 <br> 5.5.4 Define Experiments and Hypothesis 115 <br> 5.5.5 Closing 116 <br> Chapter 6 Systemic Retrospectives 119 <br>6.1 Systems 120 <br> 6.1.1 Static and Dynamic 122 <br> 6.1.2 Complicated and Complex 122 <br>6.2 System Thinking 124 <br> 6.2.1 Causal Loop Diagrams 125 <br> 6.2.2 Current Reality Tree 137 <br> 6.2.3 Limitations of System Thinking 142 <br>6.3 Complexity Thinking 143 <br> 6.3.1 Martie—The Management 3.0 Model 144 <br> 6.3.2 The ABIDE Model 147 <br> Chapter 7 Solution-Focused Retrospectives 155 <br>7.1 The Solution-Focused Approach 156 <br> 7.1.1 Problem Talk Creates Problems, Solution Talk Creates Solutions 156 <br> 7.1.2 Focus on the Better Future 157 <br> 7.1.3 No Problem Happens All the Time; There Are Always Exceptions That Can Be Utilized 158 <br> 7.1.4 If It Works, Do More of It 159 <br> 7.1.5 If It’s Not Working, Do Something Different 160 <br> 7.1.6 Small Steps Can Lead to Big Changes 161 <br> 7.1.7 Focus on Strength and Skills 161 <br> 7.1.8 Understand and Trust That Each Person Is an Expert in His or Her Own Situation 162 <br> 7.1.9 Keep the Attitude of Not Knowing 162 <br> 7.1.10 Be Patient and Confident 163 <br> 7.1.11 The Prime Directive of Retrospectives 164 <br>7.2 A Solution-Focused Retrospective in Five Steps 165 <br> 7.2.1 Opening 165 <br> 7.2.2 Set Goals 167 <br> 7.2.3 Find Meaning 170 <br> 7.2.4 Initiate Action 172 <br> 7.2.5 Check Results 175 <br> 7.2.6 A Brief, Solution-Focused Retrospective 176 <br> Chapter 8 Distributed Retrospectives 179 <br>8.1 Forms of Distributed Retrospectives 179 <br> 8.1.1 Multiple Distributed Teams 179 <br> 8.1.2 Teams with Singly Distributed Employees 183 <br> 8.1.3 Scattered Teams 185 <br>8.2 The Right Tools 186 <br> 8.2.1 Web Whiteboard 187 <br> 8.2.2 Stormz Hangout 188 <br> 8.2.3 Lino 189 <br>8.3 General Tips for Distributed Retrospectives 190 <br> 8.3.1 Keep It Short 190 <br> 8.3.2 Stay within the Timeframe 190 <br> 8.3.3 Use Stacking 190 <br> 8.3.4 Prepare the Participants 190 <br> 8.3.5 Use Communication Tools Effectively 191 <br> 8.3.6 Meet Regularly 191 <br> Chapter 9 Alternative Approaches 193 <br>9.1 Work Retrospectives 193 <br> 9.1.1 Set the Stage 194 <br> 9.1.2 Gather Data 194 <br> 9.1.3 Work Phase 195 <br> 9.1.4 Experiences 195 <br>9.2 Fortune Cookie Retrospectives 196 <br>9.3 Powerful Questions 198 <br> Chapter 10 Typical Problems and Pitfalls 201 <br>10.1 Poor Preparation 201 <br>10.2 A Lot of Discussions but No Results 202 <br> 10.2.1 Conflicting Opinions 202 <br> 10.2.2 Indecision 204 <br> 10.2.3 Lack of a Clear Time Frame 205 <br>10.3 Too Many Results 206 <br>10.4 Disinterest in (Further) Improvement 207 <br> 10.4.1 Improvements Were Never Implemented 208 <br> 10.4.2 Improvements Have No Effect 208 <br> 10.4.3 The Team Was Not Given Enough Time 209 <br>10.5 Focus on the Negative 209 <br>10.6 Focus on Factual Topics 210 <br> Chapter 11 Change Management 215 <br>11.1 Agile Change Management 216 <br>11.2 Initiating Change Processes 217 <br> 11.2.1 Set the Stage 217 <br> 11.2.2 Gather Data 219 <br> 11.2.3 Generate Insights 220 <br> 11.2.4 Next Experiments 221 <br> 11.2.5 Closing 223 <br>11.3 Accompanying Change Processes 224 <br> 11.3.1 Set the Stage 224 <br> 11.3.2 Check Hypotheses 224 <br> 11.3.3 Gather Data 225 <br> 11.3.4 Generate Insights 225 <br> 11.3.5 Define Next Experiments 226 <br> 11.3.6 Closing 228 <br> Index 231 <br> <br> <br> <br>